![]() ![]() ![]() In 1952, Einstein declined an offer extended by David Ben-Gurion, Israel’s premier, to become president of Israel.Back in 1972, the Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 probes from NASA sent out a plaque with basic information about humanity. ![]() government suspected his socialist and pacifist views. citizen in 1940 but retained his Swiss citizenship, was never asked to participate in the resulting Manhattan Project, as the U.S. Roosevelt advising him to approve funding for the development of uranium before Germany could gain the upper hand. In 1939, at the urging of the Hungarian physicist Leo Szilard, Einstein wrote to President Franklin D. In the late 1930s, Einstein’s theories, including his equation E=mc2, helped form the basis of the development of the atomic bomb. In the process, Einstein became increasingly isolated from many of his colleagues, who were focused mainly on the quantum theory and its implications, rather than on relativity. Einstein soon began building on his theories to form a new science of cosmology, which held that the universe was dynamic instead of static, and was capable of expanding and contracting.īy the time Einstein’s wife Elsa died in 1936, he had been involved for more than a decade with his efforts to find a unified field theory, which would incorporate all the laws of the universe, and those of physics, into a single framework. In 1921, he won the Nobel Prize for his work on the photoelectric effect, as his work on relativity remained controversial at the time. The general theory of relativity was the first major theory of gravity since Newton’s, more than 250 years before, and the results made a tremendous splash worldwide, with the London Times proclaiming a “Revolution in Science” and a “New Theory of the Universe.” Einstein began touring the world, speaking in front of crowds of thousands in the United States, Britain, France and Japan. In 1919, two expeditions sent to perform experiments during a solar eclipse found that light rays from distant stars were deflected or bent by the gravity of the sun in just the way Einstein had predicted. According to Einstein’s equivalence principle–which held that gravity’s pull in one direction is equivalent to an acceleration of speed in the opposite direction–if light is bent by acceleration, it must also be bent by gravity. This theory found that gravity, as well as motion, can affect time and space. In 1915, Einstein published the general theory of relativity, which he considered his masterwork. The move coincided with the beginning of Einstein’s romantic relationship with a cousin of his, Elsa Lowenthal, whom he would eventually marry after divorcing Mileva. In 1913, he arrived at the University of Berlin, where he was made director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics. In 1896, he renounced his German citizenship, and remained officially stateless before becoming a Swiss citizen in 1901.Įinstein continued working at the patent office until 1909, when he finally found a full-time academic post at the University of Zurich. ![]() He dropped out of school in 1894 and moved to Switzerland, where he resumed his schooling and later gained admission to the Swiss Federal Polytechnic Institute in Zurich. As a child, Einstein became fascinated by music (he played the violin), mathematics and science. Einstein’s Early Life (1879-1904)īorn on March 14, 1879, in the southern German city of Ulm, Albert Einstein grew up in a middle-class Jewish family in Munich. He lived and worked in Princeton, New Jersey, for the remainder of his life. An outspoken pacifist who was publicly identified with the Zionist movement, Einstein emigrated from Germany to the United States when the Nazis took power before World War II. After making his name with four scientific articles published in 1905, he went on to win worldwide fame for his general theory of relativity and a Nobel Prize in 1921 for his explanation of the phenomenon known as the photoelectric effect. The German-born physicist Albert Einstein developed the first of his groundbreaking theories while working as a clerk in the Swiss patent office in Bern. Einstein Moves to the United States (1933-39). ![]()
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